Perianesthesia Care Following Obstetric Emergencies at Risk for Multisystem Organ Dysfunction

Perianesthesia care provided to obstetric patients is on the rise due to current obstetric practice habits, changes in the maternal population, and the increased desire for scheduled childbirth. Both scheduled and emergent cesarean deliveries create risk, yet the use of general anesthesia increases maternal morbidity and mortality significantly. Obstetric emergencies make up the majority of emergent cesarean deliveries. Detrimental events during pregnancy and childbirth may be categorized into hemorrhagic, septic, or anaphylactic shock. Excessive loss of circulating volume with subsequent loss in oxygenation creates an environment for multisystem organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Both MODS and pregnancy are hyperdynamic and hypermetabolic states. Close monitoring is needed to differentiate pregnancy for the progression of organ dysfunction. Caring for pregnant women with the intent that pregnancy is a normal, physiologic state can lead to complacency and the risk of misdiagnosis. The purpose of this article is to review current obstetric emergencies that place the obstetric population at risk for MODS and offer management options to perianesthesia providers.